Indian Polity - Evolution Of Constitution Of India - Regulating Act of 1773 -
Part -1
Q: What is a constitution?
Answer:
A constitution is a document of people’s faith and aspirations possessing a special legal sanctity.
It is the fundamental! law of the country and all other laws and customs of the country in order to be valid must conform to it.
A constitution sets out the framework and the Principal function of various organs of the Government as well as relations between the Government and its citizens.
Let us study historical developments that led to the development of Constitution Of India.
It all began with East India Company colonial rule in India.
The Regulating Act of 1773 (formally, the East India Company Act 1772) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain intended to overhaul the management of the East India Company’s rule in India. It marked the first step towards parliamentary control over the Company and centralised administration in India.
THE REGULATING ACT, 1773
1. This act provided for the centralisation of administration of company’s territories in India.
2. Governor of Bengal (Warren Hastings) became Governor- General of Bengal. It designated the Governor of Bengal as the ‘Governor-General of Bengal’(GGB). The first such Governor General was Lord Warren Hastings.
3. Supreme Court was set up at Calcutta (1774). Bombay and Madras presidencies were made subordinate.
4. Four Judges were appointed. Lord Elizah Impey was the Chief Justice. Three Additional Justice were Robert Chamber, Lord Hyde and Lord Le Maistre
5. The act prohibited the servants of the company from engaging in private trade or accepting bribes/presents
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