SOILS OF INDIA
1. Alluvial Soil
Formed by deposition of sediments by rivers.
Rich in Humus and fertile
Found in Great Northern Plain, Northern Gujarat, Lower valleys of Narmada and Tapti
Soils renewed every year.
2. Black Soils
Made up of lava and volcanic rocks.
Concentrated over Deccan Lava Tract covering Chattisgarh, Parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.
Contains lime, iron, magnesium and potash
Lacks phosphorous, nitrogen and organic matter
3. Red Soils
Formed due to weathering of ancient metamorphic rocks of Deccan Plateau
Red colour is due to iron composition
Yellow or Brown if iron content is low.
Found in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and parts of Orissa
4. Mountain Soils
Formed as a result of accumulation of organic matter derived from forest growth.
Largely found in Himalayan region or other high altitude regions
Tea is grown in those areas since these regions receive sufficient rainfall.
5. Laterite Soils
Soils formed due to intense leaching on the summits of hills and uplands.
Commonly found in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chattisgarh and hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.
6. Desert Soils
Soil not well developed.
High salt content, saline layer forms a hard crust
Sandy and organic matter absent.
Desert regions of Rajasthan.
7. Saline and Alkaline soils
Forms due to little more rainfall in desert soil regions
Shows white incrustation of salts of calcium, sodium and magnesium.
Infertile and poor in drainage
8. Forest and Hill Soils
Found at lower as well as at higher elevations, where rain fall is sufficient.
Soil is shallow, steep, stony and infertile for crop production.
Good for Timber and other trees which provide fuel.
9. Peaty and Marshy Soils
Mostly found in Kerala, Sunderbans of West Bengal, Coastal regions of Orissa.
Vegetation growing in wet places dies, its slow decomposition over hundreds of years form layers of marshy and peaty soils.
Black coloured, acidic soil and fertile for paddy/rice crops.
SOILS OF INDIA
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on
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