Common Chemical Compounds – Names and Formulas

(General Science)

In competition exams like SSC, Banking, Railways etc. General Awareness and General Science sections are high scoring sections. Generally the chemical names are asked in these exams.

The list of all the important Names and Formulas of Common Chemical Compounds is given below:

SNo.	Common Name	Chemical Name	Chemical Formula
1.	Baking Soda	Sodium hydrogen carbonate or Sodium bicarbonate	NaHCO₃
2.	Baryta	Barium hydroxide	Ba(OH)₂
3.	Bleach (laundry)	Sodium hypochlorite	NaOCl
4.	Bleach (solid)	Sodium perborate	NaBO₃ (anhydrous)
5.	Bleaching powder	Calcium hypochlorite	Ca(OCl)₂
6.	Blue Vitriol	Copper sulphate pentahydrate	CuSO₄.5H₂O
7.	Borax	Sodium tetraborate decahydrate	Na₂B₄O₇.10H₂O
8.	Brimstone	Sulphur	S
9.	Calomel	Mercurous chloride	HgCl
10.	Carbolic acid	Phenol	C₆H5₅H
11.	Carborundum	Silicon carbide	SiC
12.	Caustic Potash	Potassium hydroxide	KOH
13.	Chile Saltpetre	Sodium nitrate	NaNO₃
14.	Chloroform	Trichloromethane	CHCl₃
15.	Cream of Tartar	Potassium hydrogen tartrate	KHC₄H₄O₆
16.	Dolomite	Calcium Magnesium carbonate	CaMg(CO₃)₂
17.	Dry Ice	Solid Carbon dioxide	CO₂
18.	Epsom salt	Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate	MgSO₄.7H₂O
19.	Freon	Dichlorodifluoromethane	CF₂Cl₂
20.	Galena	Lead (II) sulphide	PbS
21.	Glauber’s Salt	Sodium Sulphate decahydrate	Na₂SO₄.10H₂O
22.	Glycerine	Trihydroxy propanol	C₃H₈O₃
23.	Grain Alcohol	Ethanol	C₂H₅OH
24.	Graphite/ Plumbago	Carbon	C
25.	Green Vitriol	Ferrous sulphate heptahydrate	FeSO₄.7H₂O
26.	Gypsum	Calcium sulphate dihydrate	CaSO₄.2H₂O
27.	Heavy Water	Deuterium Oxide	D₂O
28.	Hypo	Sodium Thiosulfate pentahydrate	Na₂S₂O₃. 5H₂O
29.	Iron Pyrite (Fool's gold)	Iron disulphide	FeS₂
30.	Jeweller’s Rouge/Red Rouge	Iron(III) Oxide/ Ferric Oxide	Fe₂O₃
31.	Laughing gas	Dinitrogen oxide/Nitrous Oxide	N₂O
32.	Lime	Calcium Oxide	CaO
33.	Limestone	Calcium carbonate	CaCO₃
34.	Litharge	Lead(II) Oxide	PbO
35.	Lunar Caustic	Silver Nitrate	AgNO₃
36.	Lye/Caustic Soda	Sodium Hydroxide	NaOH
37.	Marble	Calcium carbonate	CaCO₃
38.	Marsh Gas	Methane	CH₄
39.	MEK	Methyl ethyl ketone/Butanone	CH₃COC₂H₅
40.	Milk of Magnesia	Magnesium hydroxide	Mg(OH)₂
41.	Mohr’s Salt	Ammonium Ferrous Sulphate Hexahydrate	(NH₄)2Fe(SO₄)₂.6H₂O
42.	Muriatic acid	Hydrochloric acid	HCl
43.	Oil of Vitriol	Sulfuric acid	H₂SO₄
44.	Oil of Wintergreen	Methyl salicylate	C₈H₈O₃
45.	Phosgene	Carbonyl dichloride	COCl₂
46.	Plaster of Paris	Calcium sulphate hemi-hydrate	CaSO₄.½ H₂O
47.	Potash	Potassium carbonate	K₂CO₃
48.	Potash Alum	Potassium Aluminium sulphate dodecahydrate	AlK(SO₄)₂.12H₂O
49.	Quartz	Silicon dioxide	SiO₂
50.	Quicksilver	Mercury	Hg
51.	Rochelle Salt	Potassium Sodium Tartrate	KNaC₄H₄O₆.4H₂O
52.	Rock Salt	Sodium Chloride	NaCl
53.	Rubbing Alcohol	Isopropyl alcohol	CH₃CHOHCH₃
54.	Sal Ammoniac (नौसादर)	Ammonium chloride	NH₄Cl
55.	Salt (Table Salt)	Sodium chloride	NaCl
56.	Salt Substitute	Potassium chloride	KCl
57.	Saltpetre	Potassium nitrate	KNO₃
58.	Slaked Lime	Calcium hydroxide	Ca(OH)₂
59.	Sugar	Sucrose	C1₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
60.	TNT	Trinitrotoluene	C₆H₂(NO₂)₃CH₃
61.	TSP trisodium phosphate	Sodium Phosphate	Na₃PO₄
62.	Vermillion/Cinnabar	Mercuric sulphide	HgS
63.	Washing Soda	Sodium carbonate decahydrate	Na₂CO₃.10H₂O
64.	White Vitriol	Zinc sulphate heptahydrate	ZnSO₄.7H₂O
65.	Wood alcohol	Methyl alcohol	CH₃OH
66.	Brine	Aqueous Sodium Chloride	NaCl(aq)
67.	Vinegar/Glaciar Acid	Acetic Acid	CH₃COOH