December Current Affairs Quiz-4 (#currentAffairs)(#compete4exams)(#eduvictors)

December Current Affairs Quiz-4

1. Global Citizen is a movement of engaged citizens who are using their collective voice to end extreme poverty by 2030. Who is the winner of Global Citizen Prize For Philanthropy 2020?

2. Who inaugurated India's first hypersonic wind tunnel in Hyderabad? India has becomes the 3rd country to have such a huge facility in size and capability while America and Russia holds 1st and 2nd position respectively. The facility has the capability to "simulate hypersonic flow over a wide spectrum and will play a major role in the realization of highly complex futuristic aerospace and defence systems," the release said.

3. International Human Solidarity Day is celebrated on which day?

General Awareness: Important Passes in India (#generalawareness)(#India)(#compete4exams)(#eduvictors)

General Awareness: Important Passes in India

Rohtang Pass (source: Anthony Maw, WikiMedia CC 3.0 )

A mountain pass is a navigable route through a mountain range or over a ridge. Passes have played a key role in trade, war, and both human and animal migration throughout history.

Khyber Pass,  an important pass between Afghanistan and Pakistan, connects Kabul with Peshawar. The pass has historically been the gateway for invasions of the Indian subcontinent from the northwest.

Passes are found in mountain areas only. Therefore in India passes are generally found in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh. But passes are also present in areas of Western Ghats (Maharashtra, Kerala).

Current Affairs: CYCLONE IN NEWS 2020 (#cyclones2020)(#compete4exams)(#currentaffairs)

CYCLONE IN NEWS 2020 

Cyclone Nivar

Hit : Puducherry & Tamil Nadu

Name given by : Iran

Cyclone Gati

Hit : Somalia

Name given by : India

December Current Affairs Quiz-3 (#currentAffairs)(#compete4exams)(#eduvictors)

December Current Affairs Quiz-3

1. __________ unveils Vedic Paint made from cow dung, says 'will boost rural economy'. The eco-friendly paint will have non-toxic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and washable properties.

2. PM Modi laid the foundation stone of the 30,000 MW capacity Hybrid Renewable Energy Park in __________ in Gujarat. It will be the largest renewable energy park of its kind in the world.

3. Who is appointed appointed as the new Chief Justice of Sikkim High Court?

General Awareness: Awards and Instituted Year (#GeneralAwareness)(#PopularAwards)

General Awareness: Awards  and Instituted Year

Nobel Prize - 1901

Oscar - 1929

Bharat Ratan - 1954

Khel Ratan - 1992

Pulitzer Award -  1917

Arjun Award  - 1961

December Current Affairs Quiz-2 (#eduvictors)(#currentaffairs)(#compete4exams)

December Current Affairs Quiz-2

1. Who ranks first in the ICC Men’s ODI Batting Rankings?

2. When will National Digital Health Mission be rolled out in India?

3. Name the company which partnered with BSNL to Launch World’s First Satellite-Based IoT Network in India. This satellite will connect billions of sensors and machines in maritime, agriculture, railways, logistics, and disaster management

7 Points You Must Know About Atal Tunnel (#GeneralAwareness)(#India)(#compete4exams)(#eduvictors)

7 Points You Must Know About Atal Tunnel

① The central government has renamed 'Rohtang Pass' as ‘Atal Tunnel’ recently, on the occasion of 95th birth anniversary of Late Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. 

② About ₹3,200 crores were spent on its construction. Initially it was estimated to be around Rs 1400 crore. The construction of the Tunnel delayed about five years due to the leakage of water from Seri river. 

Quiz on the Most Famous Temples in India (#GeneralAwareness)(#indiaQuiz)(#eduvictors)(#compete4exams)

Quiz on the Most Famous Temples in India

Here is the most famous temples of India. Identify the city or district and state where these are located.

1. Badrinath Temple

2. The Konark Sun Temple

3. Brihadeeswara Temple

December 2020 CA Quiz-1 (#currentAffairs)(#GeneralAwareness)(#compete4exams)(#eduvictors)

December 2020 CA Quiz-1

1. The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) has been selected as a 'Milestone' facility by the U.S.-based Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which is the world's largest technical professional organisation dedicated to advancing technology in all areas related to electrical and electronics. The GMRT is located at ________ city in India.




2. IRDAI has recently approved the merger Of Bharti AXA General Insurance with ___________

SCIENCE NOTES - Physics - Newton's Laws of Motion (#compete4exams)(#PhyscisNotes)(#scienceNotes)(#eduvictors)

SCIENCE NOTES - Physics - Newton's Laws of Motion

 

Force

A push or pull is called force. It is a vector quantity. SI Unit of Force is N (Newton). The force applied on a body can bring about the following changes:

• It can change the state of rest of a body or change its position

• It can change the speed of the body

• It can change the direction of motion of a body

Thus, a force is the external agent that changes the state of rest or uniform motion of a body along a straight line.

November 2020 CA Quiz-4 (#CurrentAffairs2020)(#compete4exams)(#eduvictors)

November 2020 CA Quiz-4

1. Who was honoured with 2020 Aditya Vikram Birla Kala Shikhar Puraskar?

2. When is constitution day is celebrated in India?

3. The world's longest serving prime minister, _______ of Bahrain died at the age of 84.

What is Rural Marketing and its Salient Features? 

Marketing is identifying the requirements of clients and potential clients giving products /service benefits that satisfy their necessities, and creating and promoting process cycles or frameworks to deliver your product/service to the market when, where, and how customers need it.

Read More...

Economics and Trade: Will Textile Sector Make India Self-Reliant? (#IndiaTextileIndustry)(#commerce)(#eduvictors)(#upsc)(#compete4exams)

Economics and Trade: Will the Textile Sector Make India Self-Reliant?

India’s textiles quarter is one of the oldest industries in the Indian economic system and it exists for many centuries. China continued to shed its market share and recently Bangladesh and Vietnam outpaced India. It doesn't mean that India has missed the bus. In International Webinar on Textile Traditions, PM Modi emphasised that Indian textiles are highly valued globally and have also got enriched with customs, crafts, products and techniques of other cultures. This makes the Indian Textile industry-unique and valued rich industry when compared to the textile industries of other countries.

To make the textile sector self-reliant, the Government is focussing on skills up-gradation, financial assistance & integrating the sector with the latest technology. 

November 2020 Current Affairs Quiz-3 (#currentAffairs)(#compete4Exams)(#GeneralAwareness)

November 2020 Current Affairs Quiz-3

1. National Education Day is celebrated on ___________




2. Which IPL team won Dream 11 IPL 2020?




3. Which word Collins Dictionary declares as the 'Word of the Year 2020'?

NOBEL PRIZES WINNERS IN 2020 (#nobelprize2020)(#generalawareness)(#compete4exams)(#eduvictors)

NOBEL PRIZES WINNERS IN 2020

The Nobel Prizes regarded as the most prestigious awards given for intellectual achievement in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Economics, and a distinguished achievement towards humanity.

Nobel Prize award was first conferred in 1901. It is based on the fortune of Alfred Nobel who was a chemist, engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. 

The 2020 Nobel Prizes in various fields were announced in October 2020.

Medicine or Physiology

Two Americans and One British — Harvey J Alter, Charles M Rice and Michael Houghton have been awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of Hepatitis C which was discovered in 1982 by screening millions of DNA samples.

November 2020 Current Affairs Quiz-2 (#currentaffairs)(#eduvictors)(#compete4exams)(#nov2020currentaffairs)

November 2020 CA Quiz-2

1. Cricket: _________ becomes 1st cricketer to score 500+ runs in 6 consecutive IPL seasons

2. Who is the author the book titled ‘Pandemonium : The Great Indian Banking Tragedy’?

3. Airport Authority Of India (AAI) has handed over the Lucknow Airport to the _____ group on lease for a period of 50 Years

Ancient India - A Bird's-eye View of Prehistoric Ages (#history)(#compete4exams)(#eduvictors)(#prehistory)

Ancient India - A Bird's-eye View of Prehistoric Ages

Quaternary Age 

Evolution of the earth's crust shows four stages, 4th stage being Quaternary, which comprises of: 

▪ Pleistocene (2 Million BC – 10,000 years BC) 

▪ Holocene (10000 – Present)

Pleistocene Age or Paleolithic Age

▪ Roughly dressed stone tools 

▪ Crude chipping 

▪ No knowledge of Cultivation 

▪ Solely living on hunting

▪ Lived in rock-shelters

▪ Discovery of fire was a major event

Commonly Used Acronyms in Indian Banking, Polity, Science, Sports and Commerce (#CurrentAffairs)(#Acronyms)(#BankEntrance)

Commonly Used Acronyms in Indian Banking, Polity, Science, Sports and Commerce

AERA : Airports Economic Regulatory Authority

AEZ : Agriculture Economic Zone

AIBE : All India Bar Examination

AIIB : Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank

AMRUT : Atal Mission For Rejuvenation and Urban transformation

ASHA : Accredited Social Health Activist

10 IMPORTANT POINTS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT PRADHAN MANTRI KISAN SAMMAN NIDHI (PM-KISAN) SCHEME (#GovernmentSchemes)(#compte4exams)(#eduvictors)(#IndiaGK)

10 IMPORTANT POINTS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT PRADHAN MANTRI KISAN SAMMAN NIDHI (PM-KISAN) SCHEME

① Objectives of the Scheme are:

• To provide income support to all Small and Marginal landholding farmer families having cultivable land.
• To supplement the financial needs of farmers by procurement and  to ensure proper crop health and appropriate yields.

② It is a Central Sector Scheme i.e. launched by the Government of India. It ensures income support of Rs.6000/- per year to all land holding farmers fn three equal installments of Rs.2000/- every  four months.

November 2020 Current Affairs Quiz-1 (#currentaffairs)(#eduvictors)(#compete4exams)(#nov2020currentaffairs)

November 2020 Current Affairs Quiz-1

1. PM Modi Inaugurated India's st Seaplane service between the Sabarmati Rover Front and _________

2. Nitin Gadkari Inaugurates NHAI’s new building in ________ in Maharashtra.

3. When is National Unity Day celebrated?

7 Key Points You Should Know About Atal Bhujal Yojana (#GovernmentSchemes)(#eduvictors)(#compete4exams)

7 Key Points You Should Know About Atal Bhujal Yojana

ATAL BHUJAL YOJANA

① Atal Bhujal, Yojana has been launched with an aim to raise the groundwater level in those areas where it has significantly declined.

② Atal Bhujal Yojana (ATAL JAL) is a Central Sector Scheme for facilitating sustainable groundwater management with an outlay of INR 6000 crore. Out of this, INR 3,000 crore will be as a loan from the World Bank and INR 3,000 crore as matching contribution from the Government of India (GoI).

Books and Authors Quiz-1 (2020) (#compete4exams)(#booksandauthors)(#eduvictors)

Books and Authors Quiz-1 (2020) 

1. ‘Portraits Of Power’ is an autobiography of ___________.

2. Author of ‘Voices of Dissent’ is ___________

3. ‘My Life in Design’ is written by __________.

October 2020 Current Affairs Quiz - 4 (#eduvictors)(#currentAffairsQuiz)(#OctoberCurrentAffiars)

October 2020 Current Affairs Quiz - 4 

1. The week 27 October - 2 November is celebrated as Vigilance Awareness Week by the CBI. Its theme is ______________

IBPS Notification - October 24 2020 - Supplementary Advertisement (#IBPS)(#compete4exams)(#eduvictors)

 IBPS Notification - October 24 2020  - Supplementary Advertisement

It has been decided by the competent authority to hold an additional cycle of Online Preliminary Examinations under CRP- PO/MT-X for the post of Probationary Officer/ Management Trainee by releasing this Supplementary Advertisement in continuation to the detailed advertisement dated 04.08.2020. This process is only for the following categories of applicants.

1.Who attained the eligibility in terms of educational qualifications by 11.11.2020.

2.Who could not register successfully from 05.08.2020 to 26.08.2020.

See more details in the advertisement here...

NTPC Looking For CEO (Top Jobs) (#eduvictors)(#jobs)

NTPC Looking For CEO 

NTPC is looking for dynamic experienced professional as CEO. Any graduate can apply. See here the advertisement for details.

October 2020 Current Affairs Quiz - 3 (#eduvictors)(#currentAffairsQuiz)(#OctoberCurrentAffiars)

October 2020 Current Affairs Quiz - 3 

1. PM Modi released Rs.100 Coin to honour _________________ 

 

2. India ranks ________ in the List of Arton Capital’s Passport Index; New Zealand tops the Index. 

List of Health Related Days (#generalknowledge)(#healthdays)(#eduvictors)

List of Health-Related Days

04 Feb - World Cancer Day

11 Feb - Unani Day 

21 March - World Down Syndrome Day

24 March - World Tuberculosis Day

02 Apr - World Autism Awareness Day

07 Apr - World Health Day

10 Apr - World Homeopathy Day

Fundamental Duties - Constitution of India - Part IV A (Article 51 A) (#compete4India)(#IndiaConstitution)(#CLAT)(#eduvictors)

Fundamental Duties - Constitution of India - Part IV A (Article 51 A) 

The Fundamental Duties are defined as the moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India. These duties set out in Part IV–A of the Constitution, concern individuals and the nation.

Swaran Singh Committee in 1976 recommended Fundamental Duties to be added in the constitution

42nd Amendment Act, 1976 added 10 Fundamental Duties

The 86th Amendment in 2002, added the 11th fundamental duty.

Fundamental Duties : It shall be the duty of every citizen of India —

STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION TENTATIVE CALENDAR OF EXAMINATIONS TO BE HELD DURING THE PERIOD (01-10-2020 to 31-08-2021)(#sscexam)(#compete4exams)(#eduvictors)

STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION TENTATIVE CALENDAR OF EXAMINATIONS TO BE HELD DURING THE PERIOD (01-10-2020 to 31-08-2021)

Here is the tentative schedule of SSC examinations to be held during October, 2020  to August 2021. 

Staff Selection Commission conducts various examinations to recruit staff to various posts in ministries, departments and organisations of the Government of India. You should regularly check Staff Selection Commission website to get regular updates. 

 

October 2020 Current Affairs Quiz - 2 (#eduvictors)(#currentAffairsQuiz)(#OctoberCurrentAffiars)

October 2020 Current Affairs Quiz-2

1. International Girl Child Day is celebrated on

2. Name the cricketer who became 1st player to reach 500 T20 Wickets

3. Who beats Novak Djokovic to win his 13th French Open Title?

92nd Oscars Academy awards 2020 Held in Los Angeles, USA (#oscars2020)(#compete4exams)(#academyawards)

92nd Oscars Academy awards 2020  Held in Los Angeles, USA

Category	Winner
Best Motion Picture of the year	Parasite – Kwak Sin Ae and Bong Joon Ho (Producers)
Actor in a leading role	Joaquin Phoenix for Joker
Actress in a leading role	Renée Zellweger for Judy
Actor in a supporting role	Brad Pitt for Once Upon a Time…in Hollywood
Actress in a supporting role	Laura Dern for Marriage Story
Animated feature film	Toy Story 4 – Josh Cooley, Mark Nielsen and Jonas Rivera
Cinematography	Roger Deakins for 1917
Costume Design	Jacqueline Durran  for Little Women
Directing	Bong Joon Ho for Parasite
Documentary (Feature)	American Factory-Steven Bognar, Julia Reichert and Jeff Reichert

September-October 2020 Current Affairs Quiz-1(#compete4exams)(#currentaffairs2020)(#eduvictors)

September-October 2020 Current Affairs Quiz-1

1. The 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded to the American Poet

 

2. ____________ has been appointed as Prime Minister Of Jordan

3. Union Textiles Minister Smriti Irani launched India’s Premium Cotton in The World Cotton Trade, the cotton is named as _______.

Specialised Establishments Operating Under DRDO (#NDAEntrance)(#IndiaDefenceReseach)(#compete4Exams)

 Specialised Establishments Operating Under DRDO

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is an agency under the Department of Defence Research and Development in Ministry of Defence of the Government of India, charged with the military's research and development. DRDO is the R&D wing of Ministry of Defence, Govt of India, with a vision to empower India with cutting-edge defence technologies and a mission to achieve self-reliance in critical defence technologies and systems. 

It was founded in 1958. Avinash Chander is an Indian scientist who was Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister, was the founder of DRDO.

DRDO mission is to empower the nation with state-of-the-art indigenous Defence technologies and systems.

DRDO has network of 52 laboratories and is India's largest and most diverse research organisation. Following are the specialised establishments operate under DRDO.

THE DELHI SULTANATE - History of India (Quiz)(#IndiaHistoryQuiz)(#DelhiSultanate)(#eduvictors)

  THE DELHI SULTANATE - History of India (Quiz)

MCQs

1: Who was the first ruler of the Slave dynasty?

(a) Qutubuddin Aibak 

(b) Iltutmish

(c) Sultan Mahmud 

(d) Balban

2: Who founded Agra?

(a) Iltutmish 

(b) Firoz Tughlaq

(c) Sikander Lodhi 

(d) Ibrahim Lodhi

English Usage MCQs -1 (#generalenglish)(#objectiveenglish)(#eduvictors)

 English Usage MCQs -1

Multiple Choice Questions based on English sentence structure and grammar usage.

Directions: Read the sentence carefully and choose the right option from the choices given to fill in the blank(s).

Q1: I ______ on this line before I realised my mistake.

(a) worked

(b) was worked

(c) am working

(d) had been working 

Q2: I was reading a book when the telephone bell______.

(a) ringing

(b) had rung

(c) rang

(d) should ring

Folk Dances of Andhra and Telangana (#IndianFolkDances)(#AndhraPradesh)(#GeneralAwareness)(#compete4Exams)(#eduvictors)

 Folk Dances of Andhra and Telangana

Image Credits: Wikimedia (1) (2)

Kuchipudi 

One of the eight major Indian classical dances. 

Originated in a village named Kuchipudi in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

Vilasini Natyam or Chinna Melam 

An Indian classical dance form. 

Andhra Natyam 

A classical dance form  

This traditional dance form has a history of 2000 years.

It was lost in the Mughal and British era.

Governor Generals and Viceroys of India (#IndiaHistory)(GeneralStudies)(#compete4exams)(#eduvictors)

 Governor Generals and Viceroys of India

Governors in India

1. Robert Clive (1757-1760 & 1765-1769)

2.Henry Vanisttart (1760-1765)

3. Cartier (1769-1772)

Governor Generals Of Bengal

1. Warren Hastings (1775-1784)

2. Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793)

Pre-Historic Period Quiz (Solved)(#eduvictors)(#HistoryQuiz)

 Pre-Historic Period Quiz

The following quiz help you memorise important points about Pre-Historic Age

First metal used by man -

Iron was brought (discovered) by -

Iron age began -

Excellent Mesolithic cave painting found in present Madhya Pradesh -

Earliest grown up cereals -

Ancient Indian History: 10 POINTS ABOUT THE UPANISHADS (#upinashds)(#eduvictors)(#IndianHistory)(#vedanta)

 Ancient Indian History: 10 POINTS ABOUT THE UPANISHADS

Image Credits: Ms Sarah Welch (commons.wikimedia.org)

1. The Upanishads are commonly referred to as Vedānta. These are philosophical texts. that represent the spiritual core of Hinduism. 

2. It is believed that the Upanishads were composed by saints between 800 B.C. and 500 B.C.

3. Word Upanishad is a combination of 2 Sanskrit words - ‘upa’ and 'nishad' meaning to sit down near someone (Guru) and attain secret knowledge.

Top Ten Countries Area-wise (#eduvictors)(#geography)(#compete4exams)

 Top Ten Countries Area-wise

About 71% of the earth's surface is covered with water and the remaining 29% is the landmass. Here is the list of  top 10 largest countries (area-wise). The list is sorted i.e. from highest to lowest in terms of area (based on 2019 survey).

1. Russia

Area: 17,125,000 km².

2. Canada

Area: 9,984,670 km².

3. China

Area: 9,572,900 km².

General Awareness and Ability Reasoning Quiz (#generalstudies)(#eduvictors)

General Awareness and Ability Reasoning Quiz

Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the correct option.

Section A : Mental Ability

Q1: Find the least number, which is a perfect square and contains 540 as its factor.

   (a) 9000 

   (b) 8100 

   (c) 8500 

   (d) 7500

Q2. A ladder 34m long is placed in a lane so as to reach a window 30m high and on turning the ladder to the other side of the lane but keeping its feet at the same place it reaches a point 16m high. Find the breadth of the lane.

   (a) 40m 

   (b) 46m 

   (c) 50m 

   (d) 55m

Q3. A field is 500m long and 30m broad. A tank 30m long, 20m broad and 12m deep is dug in the field and the earth is taken out is spread evenly over the field. Find the level of the field raised.

   (a) 20cm 

   (b) 30cm 

   (c) 40cm 

   (d) 50cm

India Report on Digital Education - Key Points (#digitaleducation)(#eduvictors)(#upsc)

India Report on Digital Education - Key Points

Union Minister for HRD (now Education Minister) Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ introduced India Report on Digital Education, 2020.

Here are the key points about the report.

Key Points

1. The report talks about various innovative methods adopted by the Ministry and  Education Departments of States and Union Territories to ensure inclusive and accessible education to children at home. The report largely focuses on reducing learning gaps during the Covid-19 pandemic.

National Awareness: Important Points About India State of Forest Report (ISFR) December - 2019 (#eduvictors)(#IndiaGeography)))

National Awareness: Important Points About India State of Forest Report (ISFR)
December - 2019

Important Points About India State of Forest Report (ISFR)

1. On 30th December 2019, the Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Prakash Javadekar released the biennial “India State of Forest Report (ISFR)”, in New Delhi.
2. ISFR provides comprehensive information about the forest and tree cover, bamboo resources, carbon stock and forest fires.
3. The total forest cover of the country is 7,12,249 sq. km which is 21.67% of the geographical area of the country. The tree cover of the country is estimated as 95,027 sq km which is 2.89% of the geographical area.
4. The total Forest and Tree cover of the country is 8,07,276 sq. km which is 24.56% of the geographical area of the country.
   

राष्ट्रीय और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस (#eduvictors)(#nationaldays)(#generalknowledge)

राष्ट्रीय और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस

1. लुईस ब्रेल दिवस – 4 जनवरी
2. विश्व हास्य दिवस – 10 जनवरी
3. राष्ट्रिय युवा दिवस – 12 जनवरी
4. थल सेना दिवस – 15 जनवरी
5. कुष्ठ निवारण दिवस – 30 जनवरी
6. भारत पर्यटन दिवस – 25 जनवरी
7. गणतंत्र दिवस – 26 जनवरी
8. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सीमा शुल्क एवं उत्पाद दिवस - 26 जनवरी
9. सर्वोदय दिवस – 30 जनवरी
10. शहीद दिवस – 30 जनवरी

Current Affairs and GK Quiz - March 2020 (#eduvictors)(#GKQuiz)

Current Affairs and GK Quiz - March 2020

Q1: Who has named the United Nations (UN)’s “most famous teenager in the world” in its ‘Decade in Review’ report?

Q2: Who has emerged as India's most searched business tycoon on Google in 2019?

Q3: Who is the author of the book titled “Diamond In My Palm” that describes about the 12 diamonds that was lost from India?

Q4: Who is the Union minister of Ayush Ministry?

Q5: Who was reappointed as the Chairman of Railway Board?

General Awareness: IMPORTANT BOUNDARY LINES (#compete4Exams)

GENERAL AWARENESS: IMPORTANT BOUNDARY LINES 

The line which demarcates the two countries is termed as Boundary Line.  Here is a partial list of international boundary lines.


DURAND LINE: 
Between India and Afghanistan, de­marcated by Sir Mortimer Durand in 1896, runs from Chitral to Sistan.


McMOHAN LINE: 
The boundary between India and China as demarcatedby Sir Henry Mc Mohan in 1914. China does not recognize this line.


RADCLIFF LINE: 
Drawn by Sir Cyril Red cliff in 1947 as demarcated between India and Pakistan.